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Inserting and Moving elements inside Ruby Array

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Difference between Validations, Callbacks and Observers

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Validations allow you to ensure that only valid data is stored in your database. Example: validates_presence_of :user_name, :password validates_numericality_of :value We can write custom validation also as def validate   errors.add(:price, “should be a positive value”) if price.nil?|| price < 0.01 end Callbacks and observers allow you to trigger logic before or after an alteration of an object’s state. Callbacks are methods that get called at certain moments of an object’s life cycle. With callbacks it’s possible to write code that will run whenever an Active Record object is created, saved, updated, deleted, validated, or loaded from the database. Callbacks are hooks into the life cycle of an Active Record object that allow you to trigger logic before or after an alteration of the object state. This can be used to make sure that associated and dependent objects are deleted when destroy is called (by overwriting before_destroy) or to massage attribu
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